Kata-Kata

Sunday, February 24, 2013

Kata-kata

Thomas J. Watson
Jangan mencari kawan yang membuat Anda merasa nyaman, tetapi carilah kawan yang memaksa Anda terus berkembang.

Henry Ford
Bila Anda berpikir Anda bisa,maka Anda benar. Bila Anda berpikir Anda tidak bisa, Anda pun benar… karena itu ketika seseorang berpikir tidak bisa, maka sesungguhnya dia telah membuang kesempatan untuk menjadi bisa.

Alexander Graham Bell
Konsentrasikan pikiran Anda pada sesuatu yang Anda lakukan Karena sinar matahari juga tidak dapat membakar sebelum difokuskan.

Monday, February 4, 2013

HISTORY - Establishment of Indonesia and history in the World's

 Jakarta, LP - In ancient times, the islands of the country called by various names. In the records of the Chinese nation's homeland islands named Nan-hai (South Sea Islands). Various records of ancient India Dwipantara named islands (Overseas Land Islands), a name derived from the word .. Sanskrit Dwipa (island) and between (outside, opposite). Poet Valmiki Ramayana tells the search for Sita, Ravana kidnapped Rama's wife, to the Suwarnadwipa (Golden Island, which is now Sumatra) are located on the islands Dwipantara.


The Arabs call our homeland Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Javanese islands). To this day we are still pilgrims often called "Java" by the Arabs. Even though Indonesia outside Java. In Arabic also known Samathrah (Sumatra), Sholibis (Sulawesi), Sundah (Sunda), all of the island known as Jawi kulluh (all Java).

 The Europeans who first came assumes that Asia is only composed of Arab, Persia, India, and China. For them, the area stretching between Persia and China everything is "Indian". South Asian peninsula they call "Indian face" and mainland Southeast Asia called "Rear Indies". Meanwhile, the country acquired the name "Indian Archipelago" (Indische Archipel, Indian Archipelago, l'Archipel Indien) or "East Indies" (Oost Indie, East Indies, Indes Orientales). Another name used is "Malay Archipelago" (Maleische Archipel, Malay Archipelago, l'Archipel Malais).

In the Dutch colonial era, the official name used is Nederlandsch-Indie (Dutch Indies), while the government of the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 using the term To-Indo (East Indies). Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), known by the pseudonym Multatuli, once thought to mention the names of specific islands of our country, namely Insulinde, which means also "Indian Archipelago" (Latin insula, meaning island).

 originally archipelago

In the 1920's, Ernest Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker (1879-1950), known as Dr. Setiabudi (grandson of the brother Multatuli), introduces a name for our country that do not involve the word "India". The name was no other is the archipelago, a term that has been submerged for centuries. Setiabudi took it's name from Pararaton, Majapahit era manuscripts found in Bali at the end of the 19th century and translated by JLA Brandes and published by Johannes Nicholaas Krom in 1920.


 Understanding Nusantara proposed Setiabudi archipelago much different understanding of the Majapahit era. At the time of Majapahit, used to refer to the archipelago islands outside Java (in Sanskrit means the outside, opposite) as opposed Yavadvipa (Java). Palapa Oath of Gajah Mada says "Seagrass huwus lost archipelago, iSun amukti palapa" (If it has been lost across the islands, then I am enjoying the break).

By Dr. Setiabudi archipelago word that connotes the Majapahit era of ignorance is given a nationalistic sense. By taking the original Malay words, the archipelago now has a new meaning of "homeland between two continents and two oceans", so Java was included in the definition of a modern archipelago. The term archipelago of Setiabudi is quickly becoming popular as an alternative use of the name of the Dutch East Indies. To this day the term continues to be used nationwide to mention the homeland from Sabang to Merauke.


 Name Origins Indonesia

In 1847 in Singapore published an annual scholarly journal, the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA), which is managed by James Richardson Logan (1819-1869), a Scot who earned a law degree from the University of Edinburgh. Then in 1849 an ethnologist of the British, George Samuel Windsor Earl (1813-1865), joined as editor of the magazine JIAEA.

In Volume IV JIAEA 1850, pages 66-74, Earl wrote an article On the Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations. Earl in the article confirms that it is time for the people of Indian or Malay Archipelago Islands to have a unique name (a distinctive name), it is not appropriate for Indian name and is often confused with another mention of India. Earl filed two options name: Indunesia or Malayunesia (nesos in Greek means island). On page 71 the article reads:

 … the inhabitants of the Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago would become respectively Indunesians or Malayunesians”.
 Earl has said choosing the name Malayunesia (Malay Archipelago) than Indunesia (Indian archipelago), because Malayunesia very appropriate for the Malay race, while Indunesia can also be used to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and the Maldives (Maldives). Earl found also that used throughout the Malay archipelago. In writing that Earl does not use the term and use the term Malayunesia Indunesia.

In Volume IV JIAEA also, pages 252-347, James Richardson Logan write an article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago. In early writings, Logan also expressed the need for unique name for the islands of our country, because the term "Indian Archipelago" is too long and confusing. Logan picked up the name Indunesia the Earl dumped and replaced with the letter u letter o that his words better. Thus was born the term Indonesia

 
“Mr. Earl suggests the ethnographical term Indunesian, but rejects it in favour of Malayunesian. I prefer the purely geographical term Indonesia, which is merely a shorter synonym for the Indian Islands or the Indian Archipelago”.
 When proposing the name "Indonesia" Logan does not seem to realize that in the future it will be the name of the official name. Since then Logan has consistently used the name "Indonesia" in scientific writings, and the use of the term is gradually spreading among scientists fields of ethnology and geography.

In 1884 a professor of ethnology at the University of Berlin named Adolf Bastian (1826-1905) published a book Rodel oder die Inseln Archipel des Malayischen five volumes, containing the results of his research when it wandered into the country in 1864 until 1880.


 Buku Bastian Inilah Yang memopulerkan istilah "Indonesia" di Kalangan sarjana Belanda, sehingga Sempat Timbul anggapan bahwa istilah "Indonesia" ITU ciptaan Bastian. Pendapat Yang tidak BENAR ITU, ANTARA Lain tercantum Illustrasi Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie years 1918. Padahal Bastian mengambil istilah "Indonesia" ITU bahasa Dari tulisan-tulisan Logan.

Pribumi Yang mula-mula menggunakan istilah "Indonesia" adalah Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara). Ketika dibuang Ke Negeri Belanda years 1.913 beliau mendirikan sebuah biro pers Artikel Baru NAMA Indonesische Pers-bureau. Nama di Indonesisch (Indonesia) JUGA diperkenalkan sebagai pengganti indisch (Hindia) oleh Prof Cornelis van Vollenhoven (1917). Sejalan Artikel Baru ITU, inlander (pribumi) diganti Artikel Baru Indonesier (orangutan Indonesia). (tam)...

                                                                                                                     Posted by arrumtamsQ at 00:27